Mejoras al manejo de plagas en frutales de carozo dentro de una estrategia regional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.25.405Palabras clave:
Grapholita molesta, feromonas sexuales, kairomonas, manejo integradoResumen
Los frutales de carozo son afectados por diferentes plagas que pertenecen a diversos órdenes, siendo Grapholita molesta hacia la cual van dirigidas la mayoría de las intervenciones de control en estos cultivos. El manejo basado íntegramente en insecticidas ha demostrado que no siempre es efectivo. La necesidad de usar principios activos más específicos y de menor toxicidad para especies no blanco y benéficas plantea ser más conscientes de la biología de las plagas que queremos controlar, dado que tienen ventanas de aplicación muy estrechas para que estos sean efectivos. La posibilidad de controlar insectos utilizando su propia biología mediante el uso de feromonas abre las puertas a un nuevo tipo de control altamente específico a través de feromonas sexuales y de mínimo impacto ambiental. Estos compuestos pueden usarse bajo diferentes modalidades: monitoreo, confusión sexual, trampeo masivo o attract-and-kill. Cuando el manejo de poblaciones con feromonas se realiza en grandes extensiones la técnica expresa todo su potencial y sus beneficios son más estables y duraderos en el tiempo. En Uruguay este tipo de manejo se ha implementado formalmente desde el año 2012, con resultados por demás exitosos. El paso siguiente para una mejora en el monitoreo y el control sería la incorporación de kairomonas a esta ecuación, lo que aumentaría sustancialmente su eficiencia.
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