Irrigação deficitária em soja, efeito sobre a produção de grãos e produtividade da água em clima temperado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.25.500Palavras-chave:
glycine max (L) Merr, clima temperado, eficiência do uso da águaResumo
Em regiões de clima temperado e úmido, a produção agrícola depende da distribuição e da quantidade de chuvas durante o ciclo da cultura. A irrigação deficitária melhora a rentabilidade e sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção, quando devidamente implementada. É necessário gerar conhecimento sobre a resposta das lavouras ao déficit de irrigação. Com o objetivo de melhorar o projeto e o manejo dos equipamentos de irrigação utilizados no cultivo de soja no Uruguai, foi proposto um ensaio onde foram avaliadas três lâminas máximas de reposição de irrigação (3 mm, 6 mm e 9 mm no dia-1) e um control sem irrigação. Foi utilizado um projeto de bloco completo randomizado com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. A irrigação foi aplicada por irrigação por gotejamento, o que permite um bom ajuste das diferentes lâminas utilizadas e reduz a área experimental. O control e a lâmina de 3 mm, da fase V10 até o enchimento de grãos sofreu estresse hídrico dando menores rendimentos. A baixa pluviosidade e a Água Disponível do solo foram insuficientes, bem como a lâmina de irrigaçao de 3 mm. O tratamento de 6 mm rendeu o mesmo que 9 mm no Ano 1, mas no Ano 2 foi menor. Este estudo indica que a irrigação é necessária quando a precipitação é inferior à média da área ou a sua distribuição é inadequada. O tratamento de 9 mm apresentou maior produtividade da água consumida (EUAC: 0,86 Kg m-3) e da água de irrigação (EUAR: 0,54 Kg m-3), com menor uso de chuva, em comparação com 6 mm.
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